Fluorescence response
F/F₀ · normalized to CQD-only blank
02 / OUTPUTS
Simulation results
Preparing the reference scenario.
F/F₀ at maximum Fe—All mechanisms enabled
Fe in solid at maximum Fe—µM of the added Fe
Largest mass residual—µM across both analytes
Static + dynamic + IFEStatic + IFE
Dynamic + IFEIFE only
Mean fluorescence lifetime
ns · intensity-weighted model average
Analyte concentrations
Mass balance at the maximum Fe concentration. All values in µM.
| Analyte | Added | Unbound dissolved | CQD-bound | Solid |
|---|
Model assumptions
Dynamic quenching shortens the modeled lifetime. Static quenching and inner-filter attenuation (IFE) reduce intensity without shortening each class’s lifetime. Binding equilibria are held fixed across these optical hypotheses. Overlapping curves can mean the observables do not distinguish the assumptions.
Parameters are synthetic and uncalibrated. Affinities, quenching rates and absorption remain unfitted. Cu absorption is assumed zero. The optional iron scenario assumes ideal, fixed-pH equilibrium at 25 °C and omits buffer/ligand chemistry. When solids form, fluorescence and lifetime are withheld because scattering is not modeled.
For uncertainty sweeps, instrument noise, custom absorption spectra and more analytes, download the Colab notebook. Matching a real CQD batch still requires measurements and independent validation.